Zipangizo za silicone sizimangokhala gawo lofunikira la mafakitale atsopano amakampani atsopano adziko lonse, komanso ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zothandizira mafakitale ena atsopano.

Chifukwa cha kukula kosalekeza kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito, kufunikira kwakukulu kwapangitsa kuti silicones ikhale imodzi mwa zipangizo zamakono zodziwika kwambiri pakali pano.

Gawo lalikulu la ma silicone apakhomo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri ndi m'magawo monga zomangamanga, zamagetsi, magetsi ndi mphamvu zatsopano, chisamaliro chamankhwala, ndi chisamaliro chaumwini. Pakati pawo, gawo lomanga ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma silicone, ndipo ndi pafupifupi 30%.

Kuwonjezera pa kukula kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu za silicone m'mafakitale achikhalidwe, mafakitale osunga mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe monga photovoltaics ndi mphamvu zatsopano, komanso chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano monga zomangamanga zamagetsi zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri komanso okwera kwambiri, zipangizo zanzeru zovalidwa, kusindikiza kwa 3D, ndi 5G, zonsezi zimapereka malo atsopano ofunikira kwa silicones.

Chidule cha Silicones

Ma Silicone ndi mawu ofala a zinthu zachilengedwe za silicon, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed ndi silicon yachitsulo ndi chloromethane.

Gawo loyamba popanga ma silicone ndikupanga methylchlorosilane, yomwe imapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti ipange monomethyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, ndi trichlorosilane. Dimethyldichlorosilane ndiye mtundu waukulu wa monomer wa organic silicon, ndipo zinthu zake zazikulu zomwe zili pansi pake ndi rabara ya silicone ndi mafuta a silicone.

Pakadali pano, mphamvu yopangira silicones yomwe yatchulidwa ku China nthawi zambiri imatanthauza mphamvu yopangira ya methylchlorosilane, pomwe ziwerengero za kupanga zomwe zilipo pano zonse zimadalira kupanga kwa dimethylsiloxane.

Unyolo wamakampani a silicone

Unyolo wa makampani opanga silicone umagawidwa m'magulu anayi: silicones raw materials, silicones monomers, silicones intermediates, ndi silicones deep processing products. Pali makampani ochepa opanga zinthu zopangira, monomers, ndi intermediates, pomwe deep processing imafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mphamvu zambiri zopangira.

Zipangizo zopangira silikoni

Kupanga ma silicones kumafuna zinthu zambiri zopangira. Zinthu zopangira ma silicones ndi ufa wa silicone wa mafakitale, womwe umakonzedwa m'mafakitale mwa kuchepetsa quartz ndi coke mu uvuni wamagetsi.

Kupanga silicone yamafakitale kumagwiritsa ntchito miyala yambiri ya silicone ndi mphamvu, ndipo kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa zinthu zopangira silicone yamafakitale kwakhala chitsimikizo chachikulu pakupanga silicone.

Malinga ndi SAGSI, mu 2020, mphamvu yopangira silicone ya mafakitale padziko lonse inali matani 6.23 miliyoni, pomwe mphamvu yopangira ya China inali matani 4.82 miliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza 77.4%.

Silikoni

Ma silicones monomers ndi ma intermediates

Kupezeka kwa ma silicone monomers ndi ma intermediates m'dziko muno kumaposa 50% ya ndalama zonse padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogulitsa kwambiri ma silicone monomers ndi ma intermediates padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa ma silicone monomers, makampani nthawi zambiri amapanga ma monomers kukhala ma intermediates monga DMC (dimethylsiloxane) kapena D4 kuti agulitsidwe.

Pali mitundu yochepa komanso zofunikira za silicones monomers ndi intermediates.

Dimethyldichlorosilane ndi monomer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakali pano ya silicone, yomwe imaposa 90% ya kuchuluka kwa monomer yonse.

Chiwerengero cha makampani opanga silicones ndi chachikulu, chomwe chakwera kufika pa matani 200000 ndipo chimafuna ndalama zokwana mayuan osachepera 1.5 biliyoni. Chiwerengero cha makampani opanga silicones chidzalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga ma monomer omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga ma silicons.

Pakadali pano, makampani ochepa okha ndi omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wokwanira ndipo apanga zinthu zambiri, ndipo mphamvu zopanga zoposa 90% zimagawidwa pakati pa mabizinesi 11 apamwamba.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopangira silicones monomer kumaperekanso malo okwanira ogulira zinthu kwa mabizinesi apansi panthaka.

Dichlorodimethylsilane

Ponena za kupezeka kwa zinthu, makampani ambiri otsogola opanga silicone ku China ali ndi mapulojekiti omwe akupitilira kapena mapulani atsopano. Mphamvu yatsopano yopangira zinthu idzayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2023, ndipo mphamvu yopangira zinthu m'makampaniwa yatsala pang'ono kulowa munthawi yokulirakulira mwachangu.

Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Baichuan Yingfu, makampani monga Hesheng Silicon Industry, Yunnan Energy Investment, ndi Dongyue Silicon Materials adzayika ndalama zokwana matani 1.025 miliyoni zopangira silicone chaka chino. Makampani monga New Special Energy, Asia Silicon Industry, ndi Sichuan Yongxiang akuyikanso ndalama zopangira polycrystalline silicon, zomwe zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa silicones zamafakitale.

SAGSI ikuneneratu kuti mphamvu yopangira ma silicones methyl monomers ku China idzapitirira matani 6 miliyoni pachaka pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoposa 70% ya mphamvu yopangira ma silicones methyl monomers padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi C&EN, kampani ya Momentive, yomwe ikutsogolera makampani opanga ma silicones kumayiko ena, ikukonzekera kutseka mphamvu zake zopangira ma silicones ku Waterford, New York, zomwe zimapangitsa Dow kukhala kampani yokhayo yopanga ma silicones ku United States.

Mphamvu yopangira silicone monomer padziko lonse lapansi yasamutsidwira ku China, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa mafakitale chidzapitirirabe kukula mtsogolo.

Kukonza mozama kwa silicones

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicone zomwe zimakonzedwa mozama nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu mawonekedwe a molekyulu ya RnSiX (4-n), ndipo mphamvu zokhazikika za physicochemical za unyolo wa silicon ndi kusinthasintha kwa magulu ogwira ntchito zimapatsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicone zomwe zimakonzedwa mozama ntchito zambiri. Zinthu zazikulu ndi mphira wa silicone ndi mafuta a silicone, zomwe zimakhala 66% ndi 21% motsatana.

Pakadali pano, makampani opanga zinthu za silicone akuchulukirachulukirabe, ndipo makampaniwa ali ndi makampani osiyanasiyana. Pali makampani opitilira 3,000 omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza zinthu za silicone okha.

Tanki Yopangira Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu ya Olivia Factory

Kapangidwe ka zinthu za silicones zokonzedwa mozama ku China:

Makampani opanga silicone akunja alibe phindu lalikulu popanga ma monomers a silicone poyerekeza ndi makampani aku China, ndipo makampani ambiri otsogola a silicone akunja amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso kukulitsa unyolo wamafakitale.

Ndondomeko zolimbikitsira makampani opanga silicone ku China zasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pakupanga monomer kupita ku kukonza zinthu za silicone mozama, kupanga zinthu zatsopano za silicone, kukulitsa minda yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kusintha momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Silika

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicone zomwe zili pansi pa mtsinje zili ndi phindu lalikulu komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu pamsika. Pakadali pano, pali malo ambiri oti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito silicone m'misika yatsopano ku China ndi kunja.

Silikoni

Silikoni ya Polycrystalline