Ayi, zoona zake, izi sizidzakhala zosasangalatsa - makamaka ngati mumakonda zinthu za rabara zotambasuka. Mukapitiriza kuwerenga, mupeza pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe mumafuna kudziwa chokhudza One-Part Silicone Sealants.
1) Kodi ndi chiyani
2) Momwe mungawapangire
3) Komwe mungagwiritse ntchito
Chiyambi
Kodi silicone sealant yokhala ndi gawo limodzi ndi chiyani?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala otsekereza omwe amachiritsa khungu - Silicone, Polyurethane ndi Polysulfide ndizo zodziwika bwino. Dzinali limachokera ku maziko a mamolekyu omwe akukhudzidwa.
Msana wa silicone ndi:
Si - O - Si - O - Si - O - Si
Silicone yosinthidwa ndi ukadaulo watsopano (ku US kokha) ndipo kwenikweni imatanthauza msana wachilengedwe wochiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a silane. Chitsanzo ndi alkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Mankhwala onsewa akhoza kukhala gawo limodzi kapena awiri zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zomwe mukufuna kuti chinthucho chichiritsidwe. Chifukwa chake, gawo limodzi limangotanthauza kutsegula chubu, katiriji kapena ndowa ndipo zinthu zanu zidzachira. Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe a gawo limodziwa amachitapo kanthu ndi chinyezi chomwe chili mumlengalenga kukhala rabala.
Choncho, silicone yokhala ndi gawo limodzi ndi dongosolo lomwe limakhala lokhazikika mu chubu mpaka, ikalowa mpweya, ikachira ndikupanga rabala ya silicone.
Ubwino
Mbali imodzi ya silicone ili ndi ubwino wambiri wapadera.
-Akaphatikizidwa bwino amakhala okhazikika komanso odalirika, amakhala omamatira bwino komanso okhala ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Nthawi yosungiramo zinthu (nthawi yomwe mungaisiye mu chubu musanagwiritse ntchito) ya chaka chimodzi ndi yachibadwa ndipo mitundu ina imakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri. Ma silicones mosakayikira ali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zawo zakuthupi sizisintha pakapita nthawi popanda kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV ndipo, kuphatikiza apo, amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kopitilira kwa zomatira zina ndi osachepera 50℃.
-Chigawo chimodzi cha silicone chimachira mofulumira, nthawi zambiri khungu limakhala mkati mwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, limamasuka mkati mwa ola limodzi ndipo limakhazikika kukhala rabara yolimba pafupifupi 1/10 inchi mkati mwa tsiku limodzi. Pamwamba pake pamakhala ngati rabara.
-Popeza amatha kupangidwa kukhala owala chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri (chowala ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri), n'zosavuta kuwapaka utoto uliwonse.
Zoletsa
Ma silicones ali ndi zofooka ziwiri zazikulu.
1) Sizingapakidwe ndi utoto wamadzi - zingakhale zovuta ndi utoto wamadzi osungunuka.
2) Pambuyo pochizira, chotsekeracho chimatha kutulutsa pulasitiki yake ya silicone yomwe, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulitsa nyumba, ingayambitse madontho osawoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa cholumikiziracho.
Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha kukhala gawo limodzi, sizingatheke kupeza gawo lozama mwachangu kudzera mu kuchira chifukwa dongosololi liyenera kuchitapo kanthu ndi mpweya womwe umatuluka kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi. Popeza ndi lodziwika bwino, ma silicone sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chisindikizo chokha m'mawindo agalasi otetezedwa chifukwa. Ngakhale kuti ndi abwino kwambiri poletsa madzi ambiri kulowa, nthunzi yamadzi imadutsa mosavuta kudzera mu rabara ya silicone yochiritsidwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma IG units achite chifunga.
Malo a Msika ndi Ntchito Zake
Ma silicone okhala ndi gawo limodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse komanso kulikonse, kuphatikizapo, zomwe zimakhumudwitsa eni nyumba ena, pomwe zoletsa ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimayambitsa mavuto.
Misika yomanga ndi yodzipangira yokha ndi yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kutsatiridwa ndi magalimoto, mafakitale, zamagetsi ndi ndege. Monga momwe zilili ndi zotsekera zonse, gawo limodzi lalikulu la silicones ndi kumamatira ndikudzaza mpata pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zofanana kapena zosiyana kuti madzi kapena ma draft asadutse. Nthawi zina kapangidwe kake sikasinthidwa kupatula kuti kakhale koyenda bwino komwe kamakhala chophimba. Njira yabwino yosiyanitsira pakati pa chophimba, guluu ndi chotsekera ndi yosavuta. Chotsekera chimatseka pakati pa zinthu ziwiri pomwe chophimba chimaphimba ndikuteteza chimodzi chokha pomwe guluu limasunga kwambiri malo awiri pamodzi. Chotsekera chimakhala ngati guluu chikagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira magalasi kapena glazing yotetezedwa, komabe, chimagwirabe ntchito yotseka zinthu ziwirizo kuwonjezera pa kuzisunga pamodzi.
Chemistry Yoyambira
Chosindikizira cha silicone chomwe sichinachiritsidwe nthawi zambiri chimawoneka ngati phala kapena kirimu wokhuthala. Chikalowa mumlengalenga, magulu otsiriza a silicone polymer amathira madzi (amakumana ndi madzi) kenako amalumikizana, kutulutsa madzi ndikupanga maunyolo ataliatali a polymer omwe amapitiliza kukumana mpaka pamapeto pake phalalo limasintha kukhala mphira wodabwitsa. Gulu lothandizira kumapeto kwa silicone polymer limachokera ku gawo lofunika kwambiri la kapangidwe kake (kupatula polymer yokha) yomwe ndi crosslinker. Ndi crosslinker yomwe imapatsa sealant mawonekedwe ake apadera monga fungo ndi kuchira, kapena mwanjira ina monga mtundu, kumatira, ndi zina zotero chifukwa cha zinthu zina zopangira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi machitidwe enaake a crosslinker monga zodzaza ndi zolimbikitsira kumatira. Kusankha crosslinker yoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri podziwa mawonekedwe omaliza a sealant.
Mitundu Yochiritsa
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.
1) Acetoxy (fungo la viniga wosasa)
2) Oxime
3) Alkoxy
4) Benzamide
5) Amine
6) Aminoxy
Ma oxime, alkoxies ndi benzamides (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe) ndi omwe amatchedwa machitidwe osalowerera kapena osagwiritsa ntchito asidi. Machitidwe a amines ndi aminoxy ali ndi fungo la ammonia ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto ndi mafakitale kapena ntchito zinazake zomanga panja.
Zida zogwiritsira ntchito
Ma formula ali ndi zigawo zingapo zosiyanasiyana, zina mwa izo ndi zosankha, kutengera momwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zipangizo zokhazo zofunika kwambiri ndi reactive polymer ndi crosslinker. Komabe, zodzaza, zolimbikitsira zomatira, polymer yosagwira ntchito (yopanga pulasitiki) ndi zothandira nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera zina zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga utoto wa utoto, fungicides, zoletsa moto, ndi zolimbitsa kutentha.
Mapangidwe Oyambira
Kapangidwe ka oxime wamba kapena kapangidwe ka DIY sealant kadzawoneka ngati:
| % | ||
| Polydimethylsiloxane, OH yatha mphamvu ya 50,000cps | 65.9 | Polima |
| Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethyl yotsekedwa, 1000cps | 20 | Chopangira pulasitiki |
| Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | Crosslinker |
| Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Chothandizira kumatira |
| 150 sq.m/g pamwamba pa silika wopaka | 8 | Chodzaza |
| Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.1 | Chothandizira |
| Chiwerengero chonse | 100 |
Katundu Wathupi
Makhalidwe enieni a thupi ndi awa:
| Kutalika (%) | 550 |
| Mphamvu Yokoka (MPa) | 1.9 |
| Modulus pa 100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Kulimba kwa Mphepete mwa Nyanja | 22 |
| Khungu Pakapita Nthawi (mphindi) | 10 |
| Nthawi Yopuma (mphindi) | 60 |
| Nthawi Yokanda (mphindi) | 120 |
| Kudzera mu Kuchiritsa (mm mu maola 24) | 2 |
Ma formula ogwiritsa ntchito ma crosslinkers ena amawoneka ofanana mwina mosiyana ndi mulingo wa crosslinker, mtundu wa adhesion promoter ndi ma curing catalysts. Makhalidwe awo enieni amasiyana pang'ono pokhapokha ngati pali ma chain extenders. Machitidwe ena sangapangidwe mosavuta pokhapokha ngati pagwiritsidwa ntchito choko chodzaza chambiri. Mitundu iyi ya ma formula singathe kupangidwa mwamtundu wowonekera bwino kapena wowala.
Kupanga Zomatira
Pali magawo atatu opangira sealant yatsopano.
1) Kupanga, kupanga ndi kuyesa mu labu - mabuku ochepa kwambiri
Pano, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa labu ali ndi malingaliro atsopano ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi gulu la magalamu 100 a sealant kuti aone momwe imachiritsira komanso mtundu wa rabara womwe umapangidwa. Tsopano pali makina atsopano omwe akupezeka "The Hauschild Speed Mix" ochokera ku FlackTek Inc. Makina apaderawa ndi abwino kusakaniza magulu ang'onoang'ono a 100g m'masekondi pamene akutulutsa mpweya. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa tsopano zimalola wopanga kuyesa kwenikweni mawonekedwe a magulu ang'onoang'ono awa. Silika yofumira kapena zodzaza zina monga choko chokhazikika zimatha kusakanizidwa mu silicone m'masekondi pafupifupi 8. Kuchotsa mpweya kumatenga pafupifupi masekondi 20-25. Makinawa amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira iwiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tomwe timapanga ngati manja awo osakaniza. Kukula kwakukulu kwa kusakaniza ndi magalamu 100 ndipo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makapu kuphatikizapo yotayidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe kuyeretsa konse.
Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga si mitundu ya zosakaniza zokha, komanso nthawi yowonjezerera ndi kusakaniza. Mwachibadwa, kuchotsa kapena kuchotsa mpweya ndikofunikira kuti chinthucho chikhale ndi nthawi yosungiramo zinthu, chifukwa thovu la mpweya limakhala ndi chinyezi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chotsekeracho chichiritsidwe mkati.
Katswiri wa zamankhwala akapeza mtundu wa sealant womwe umafunika kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito, umakhala ndi ma sikelo okwana lita imodzi ya planetary mixer yomwe imatha kupanga machubu ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 3-4 a 110 ml (3oz). Izi ndizokwanira poyesa nthawi yoyambira komanso kuyesa kumatirira kuphatikiza zofunikira zina zapadera.
Kenako angapite ku makina okwana galoni imodzi kapena ziwiri kuti apange machubu a 8-12 10 oz kuti akayesedwe mozama komanso kuti akatenge zitsanzo za makasitomala. Chotsekeracho chimatulutsidwa kuchokera mumphika kudzera mu silinda yachitsulo kupita ku katiriji yomwe imakwanira pamwamba pa silinda yolongedza. Pambuyo pa mayeso awa, amakhala wokonzeka kukwezedwa.
2) Kukweza ndi kukonza bwino ma voliyumu apakati
Pakukula, njira yopangira labu tsopano imapangidwa pamakina akuluakulu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulemera kwa 100-200kg kapena pafupifupi ng'oma. Gawoli lili ndi zolinga ziwiri zazikulu.
a) kuti tiwone ngati pali kusintha kulikonse kwakukulu pakati pa kukula kwa 4 lb ndi kukula kwakukulu kumeneku komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza ndi kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika komanso kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa chinthucho mu kusakaniza, ndi
b) kupanga zinthu zokwanira zoyezera makasitomala omwe angakhalepo ndikulandira ndemanga zenizeni kuntchito.
Makina awa okwana magaloni 50 ndi othandiza kwambiri pazinthu zamafakitale pamene pakufunika mphamvu zochepa kapena mitundu yapadera ndipo pafupifupi ng'oma imodzi ya mtundu uliwonse imafunika kupangidwa nthawi imodzi.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya makina osakaniza. Awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi osakaniza a planetary (monga momwe tawonetsera pamwambapa) ndi osakaniza achangu kwambiri. Planetary ndi yabwino pamakina osakaniza a viscosity apamwamba pomwe osakaniza amagwira ntchito bwino makamaka m'makina otsika a viscosity. Mu makina omangira omangira, makina aliwonse angagwiritsidwe ntchito bola ngati munthu akuyang'ana nthawi yosakaniza ndi kuthekera kopanga kutentha kwa makina osakaniza achangu kwambiri.
3) Kuchuluka kwa kupanga konsekonse
Kupanga komaliza, komwe kungakhale kophatikizana kapena kosalekeza, mwina kumangobwerezabwereza kapangidwe komaliza kuchokera pa sitepe yokwezera. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zochepa (mabatani awiri kapena atatu kapena maola 1-2 osalekeza) zimapangidwa kaye mu zida zopangira ndikuwunikidwa musanayambe kupanga kwabwinobwino.
Kuyesa - Chomwe Mungayesere ndi Momwe Mungayesere.
Chani
Katundu Wathupi - Kutalika, Mphamvu Yokoka ndi Modulus
Kumamatira ku substrate yoyenera
Moyo wa Shelf - wofulumira komanso kutentha kwa chipinda
Kuchuluka kwa Machiritso - Khungu pakapita nthawi, Kuchotsa nthawi yopuma, Kukanda ndi Kudutsa mu Machiritso, Kukhazikika kwa Maonekedwe a Kutentha kapena kukhazikika m'madzi osiyanasiyana monga mafuta
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zofunika zimawonedwa kapena kuwonedwa: kusinthasintha, fungo lochepa, kuwonongeka ndi mawonekedwe onse.
Bwanji
Pepala lotsekera limatulutsidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti lichiritsidwe kwa sabata imodzi. Belu lapadera lopanda pake limadulidwa ndikuyikidwa mu Tensile Tester kuti muyese zinthu zakuthupi monga kutalika, modulus ndi mphamvu yolimba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa mphamvu zomatira/kugwirizana pa zitsanzo zokonzedwa mwapadera. Mayeso osavuta omatira a inde-ayi amachitidwa pokoka mikanda ya zinthu zomatidwa pa substrates zomwe zikukambidwa.
Chida choyezera kuuma kwa rabala. Chipangizochi chimawoneka ngati kulemera ndi geji yokhala ndi mfundo yokankhira mu chitsanzo chotsukidwa. Mfundo ikalowa kwambiri mu rabala, rabala imakhala yofewa ndipo mtengo wake umatsika. Chotsekera chomangira chachizolowezi chidzakhala pakati pa 15-35.
Kuyeza khungu nthawi ndi nthawi, nthawi yochotsa ma tack ndi zina zapadera pakhungu kumachitika ndi chala kapena ndi mapepala apulasitiki okhala ndi zolemera. Nthawi yomwe pulasitiki isanachotsedwe bwino imayesedwa.
Pa nthawi yosungiramo zinthu, machubu a sealant amasungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda (zomwe zimatenga chaka chimodzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti nthawi yosungiramo zinthu ndi chaka chimodzi) kapena kutentha kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala madigiri 50 Celsius kwa masabata 1,3,5,7 ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo pa kukalamba (chubucho chimaloledwa kuzizira mu chidebe chofulumira), zinthuzo zimatulutsidwa kuchokera mu chubucho ndikukokedwa mu pepala komwe zimaloledwa kuchira. Kapangidwe ka thupi ka rabara yopangidwa m'mapepala awa kamayesedwa monga kale. Kapangidwe kameneka kamayerekezeredwa ndi ka zinthu zatsopano kuti adziwe nthawi yoyenera yosungiramo zinthu.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa mayeso ambiri ofunikira kungapezeke m'buku la ASTM.
Malangizo Omaliza
Ma silicones okhala ndi gawo limodzi ndi omwe ali ndi zomatira zabwino kwambiri zomwe zilipo. Ali ndi zoletsa ndipo ngati pakufunika zofunikira zinazake, akhoza kupangidwa mwapadera.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zonse zouma momwe zingathere, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kokhazikika komanso kuti mpweya umachotsedwa panthawi yopanga.
Kupanga ndi kuyesa ndi njira yofanana ya sealant iliyonse ya gawo limodzi mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake - onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana bwino katundu aliyense musanayambe kupanga kuchuluka kwa zopangira komanso kuti mukumvetsa bwino zosowa za pulogalamuyo.
Kutengera ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, mankhwala oyenera amatha kusankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati silicone yasankhidwa ndipo fungo, dzimbiri ndi kumatirira sizimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira koma mtengo wotsika ukufunika, ndiye kuti acetoxy ndiyo njira yabwino. Komabe, ngati zitsulo zomwe zingawonongeke kapena pulasitiki ikufunika kumatirira mwapadera mu mtundu wowala, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Ma Silicon Compounds: Silane ndi Silicones [M]. Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Chithunzi chochokera ku OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Nthawi yotumizidwa: Marichi-31-2024
